Cataracts, one of the most frequent causes of vision loss from the age of 60, involve the opacification of the crystalline lens, the eye's natural lens. With age, this lens becomes more rigid and opaque, a process that is part of the normal aging of the body.
“"You shouldn't wait until you can't drive well, have discomfort with light, can't recognize faces, or can't see license plates; you should have surgery sooner."
Specialists emphasize that the intervention should not be delayed, even though vision loss is progressive. Clear signs include seeing reflections and halos when driving, loss of contrast or image depth, and needing more light to see. Waiting too long for the cataract to mature complicates the surgery, as it accumulates more calcium and becomes harder, making the operation more complex and increasing the risk of complications.
Cataract surgery is outpatient and lasts between 10 and 15 minutes. A phacoemulsification technique is used, which involves breaking up the opaque lens with ultrasound to remove it and replace it with a transparent artificial lens. The procedure is performed with anesthetic drops and light sedation to ensure the patient's comfort and prevent pain. Recovery is rapid, with many patients beginning to see the next day. It is recommended to apply anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eye drops for one month and avoid intense physical exertion, although watching television, walking, or reading is permitted.
The choice of intraocular lens is crucial. Monofocal lenses allow good distance vision without glasses but require glasses for near vision. Multifocal or trifocal lenses correct vision at various distances but can cause light halos. Extended depth of focus lenses are an alternative, offering a good range of vision with fewer visual disturbances. The choice depends on the individual's lifestyle and needs.
